Teaching Speaking
Since English is
included as a compulsory subject in senior high schools in Indonesia, the
learners have the same need. The need is passing the examinations to move
to the next
level and graduate
from the school,
and the general requirement is the students are able
to speak and hold conversations.
From a communicative purpose,
speaking is closely related
to listening.The interaction
between these two
skills is shown
in the conversation. Brown
(2001: 275-276) states that there are
seven principles for designing speaking techniques.
a. Use
techniques that cover the spectrum of learner needs, from language based
b. focus
on accuracy to message-based on interaction, meaning, and fluency.
c. Provide
intrinsically motivating techniques.
d. Encourage
the use of authentic language in meaningful contexts.
e. Provide
appropriate feedback and correction.
f. Capitalize
on the natural link between speaking and listening.
g. Give
students opportunities to initiate oral communication.
h. Encourage
the development of speaking strategies.
Beside that, there are some
important points that should be
considered inteaching speaking. The first thing to be considered is who the
learner is and why they are. The
clear objective is
the next. In
the end of
the lesson, students at least are able to do something using oral
English. The third is since the final objective of learning speaking is
communication, all materials that are
given to the students such
as vocabulary, grammatical
structures, and other language items, are expected to be
applied by students in the daily life. Teacher’s role in
the speaking learning
is creating activities in
which the students
can practice and apply what they have learnt orally. In other words, this
is the turn of the students to practice communication.
References:
Brown, H.
Douglas. 2001. Teaching by Principles: an
Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy. New York: Addison Wesley Longman
Inc.
Written by Ummy Khoirunisya' Masyhudianti
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