Quantitative Research
One of the design of the research is quantitative research. Here, I want
to eplain about quantitative research based on its purpose,
approach, process, assumption, role of researcher and methods.
1. Purpose of the Quantitative Research
According to Merriam (1998) in Ary’s book (2010:423), he stated that purposes of Quantitative Research
are to
generalize findings, to predict behavior, to provide causal explanations . It can conclude that the result of the
quantitative research can generalize to the population. To predict behavior
means that the researcher can predict the problem because the research have
already existed by the researcher before, usually the variable relates with
cause and effect
2. Approach of Quantitative Research
According to Merriam (1998) in Ary’s
book (2010:423) he stated that the
approaches of quantitative research are using theory to ground the study, uses
manipulation and control variable, deductive then inductive, looks for the
norm, reduces data to number and reports written in precise, abstract language.
It can conclude that in quantiative
research the researcher use the theory
of the researcher before or the proffessional so the variable is clear, and the
researcher can make the hypothesis before they
conduct a
research. The data analyse usually uses statistical analysis like T-test.
3. Process of Quntitative Research
According to
Sugiyono (2008: 30) “ Proses peneltian kuantitatif dikembangkan dari proses
rumusan masalah, landasan teori, perumusan hipotesis, pengumpulan data,
(populasi dan sampel, pengembangan instrumen dan pengujian instrumen), analisa
data”.
4. Assumption of Quantitative research
According to Merriam (1998) in Ary’s
book (2010:423) he stated the assumptions of quantitative research are there is
an objective reality, the world is stable, variables can be identified and
measured and quantitative research is rooted in logical empiricism.
It can conclude that basically Quantitative research
must be objective and logic.
5. Role Of Researcher in Quantitative Resarch
According to
Merriam (1998) in Ary’s book (2010:423) he stated that role of researcher of
quantitative research are:
a.
Detached and impartial
Means that in
quantitative research, reasearcher must be neutral during the reaserch.
Researcher only report the result of test without any subjective opinion.
b.
Objective portrayal
The data that reported
by researcher must be objective using numerical data based on the result of the
test means that Researcher can’t manipulate the data.
c.
Inquiry should be as as value free
as possible
It means that
researcher must follow the procedures and remove subjective elements. They don’t need be aware about subject
characteristics such as their social class, IQ, previous academic, achievement,
etc.
6.
The Methods Of Quantitative
Research
According
to Merriam (1998) in Ary’s book (2010:423) he stated the methods of
quantitative research are :
a.
Focused on quantity (how much, how
many)
The researcher must collecting numerical
data to explain a particular phenomenon.
b.
Experimental, empirical, statistical
focus.
Experimental to comparing one design or
process to another. It’s to deciding on the importance of a particular feature
in a user interface and evaluating a technology or a social intervention in a
controlled environment. It’s also to finding out what really causes an effect
and finding out if an effect really exists.
Hypotheses of experimental include: a). A
causes B. b) A is bigger, faster, better than B. c) A changes more than B when
we do X. Two requirements of experimental :Independent variable that can be
manipulated and Dependent variable that can be measured.
Empirical is defined as a descriptive about
what “is” the case in the “real world” rather than what “ought” to be the case.
Empirical statements are expressed in numerical terms. For example, “Are the
numbers of students in our university rising or falling?”. We’ll need to do a
quantitative study to find out.
Statistical focus while the way in analyse
data matters, if we haven’t designed our
research well, and collected the data in a valid andreliable way, we
will not get valid results however sophisticated analyses.The use of statistics
to analyse the data is, however, the element that puts a lot of people off
doing quantitative research, as the mathematics underlying the methods seems
complicatedand frightening.
c.
Predetermined, structured methods,
precise.
The method of quantitative research is
predetermined by the researcher before. So, it means that the method is
structured.
In precise we need techniques that enable
us to make valid inferences from samples to whole population. The result must
be accurate, so we need a test to get a true result.
d.
Random sampling is ideal.
According to Sugiyono (2008:82) he states,
“dikatakan random sampling karena pengambilan anggota sampel dari populasi
dilakukan secara acak tanpa memperhatikan strata yang ada dalam populasi itu”.
It can conclude that random sampling just can apply if the condition of the
population is homogen.
e.
Uses inanimate instrument (scales,
tests, questionnaires, observation checklist, etc).
According to Sugiyono (2008:92) he states,
“skala pengukuran merupakan kesepakatan yang digunakan sebagai acuan untuk
menentukan panjang pendeknya interval yang ada dalam alat ukur, sehingga alat
ukur tersebut bila digunakan dalam pengukuran akan menghasilkan data
quantitative.”
Test is used to measure how far the
research successful or not. Then, questionnaires is written questions that used
to get information from respondent and the answers has been already to choose.
Observation checklists is list of questions
to collect the data. The participants just give a sign of aspect in column.
Bibliography
Ary ,
D., Jacobs,L. C., Sorencen, C., & Razavieh, A (2010). Introduction to Research in Education (8th ed.). Canda : Wadsworth
Cengage learning
Sugiono.2012. Metode
Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R & D. Bandung.Alfabeta.
Written by Ummy Khoirunisya' Masyhudianti
We are Creative Blogger Theme Wavers which provides user friendly, effective and easy to use themes. Each support has free and providing HD support screen casting.
0 comments:
Post a Comment