Qualitative Research
One of the research design is qualitative research. Here, I want to
eplain about qualitative research
based on its purpose, approach, process, assumption, role
of researcher and methods.
1. Purpose of the Qualitative Research
According to Merriam (1998) in Ary’s book (2010:423) he stated that the purposes
of Qualitative
Research are to
contextual findings, to interprate
behavior and intention, and to under perspective. It can conclude that the
findings is based on the context, the researcher doesn’t use the theory of the
researcher before so the researcher will interprate the problem or create a
theory. The result of the research is based on the participant’s perspective.
2. Approach of Qualitative Research
According to Merriam (1998) in Ary’s
book (2010:423) he stated that the approaches of quantitative research are the
researcher may create theory grounded in the findings, portrays in natural
context, inductive then deductive, looks for complexity, relies on data and
only minor use of numbers and reports written in descriptive, holistic
language. It can conclude that in qualitative research the researcher create a
theory so the variable is still in general. The researcher will find a variable
when the researcher already get the data from the participants by observing or
conducting interview. The data analyse uses descriptive analysis.
3. Process of Qualitative Research
According to Sugiyono (2008:
21) the processes of qualiitative
research are designed of three stages, he states, “ tahap deskripsi (memasuki
konteks sosial: ada tempat, aktor dan aktivitas), tahap reduksi (menentukan
fokus: memilih diantara yang dideskripsikan), tahap seleksi (mengurai fokus:
menjadi komponen yang lebih rinci)”.
4. Assumption of Qualitative research
According to Merriam (1998 ) in
Ary’s book (2010:423) he stated the assumptions of qualitative research are,
the reality is naturally constructed, the world is not stable, complex
variables are difficult to measure, and Qualitative research is rooted in
symbolic interaction. It
can conclude that Qualitative research is subjective
5. Role Of Researcher in Qualitative Resarch
a.
Personally involved
Personally involved
means that the researcher directly involve into study and face the resource
because researcher is the human instrument in this kind of research.
b.
Empathic and understanding
The researcher have to
pay attention to the resource activity in order to decide time for
interviewing. it’s important to make a good partnership to the resource.
c.
Inquiry is always value bound
It means that the way
we report the data is subjective based on the different participant, prespective, point of view, etc.
Well, researcher have to understand and take the information during conduct the
interview.
6.
The Methods Of Qualitative
Research
According to Merriam (1998) in Ary’s book
(2010:423) he states the methods of quantitative research are :
a.
Focused on qualify (nature,
essence)
Mostly qualitative research question gets focus on topics. one that gets analytical
character, proposing question “ how ” and “ why ” of phenomenons. To then is
followed on a more explain with question: “who”, “what ”. “where ”, and “ when ”.
The
Researchers of qualitative believes that fact constitutes social construction,
that individuals or group get and giving meaning to given unities what that
scenes, peoples, processes or object.
b.
Fieldwork, ethnographic,
naturalistic focus
According
to Gay (1996) states “the theory of qualitative is developed inductively from a
corpus of data acquired by a participant-observer.Focuses on the sociology of
meaning through
close
field observation of socio-cultural phenomena. Typically, the ethnographer
focuses on a community.Describes the structures of experience as they present
themselves to consciousness, without recourse to theory, deduction,
orassumptions from other disciplines.
c.
Flexible, envolving, emergent
method.
Qualitative
methods are typically more flexible – that is, they allow greater spontaneity
and adaptation of the interaction between the researcher and the study
participant.
d.
Typically uses purposive sampling
Qualitative
researchers are purposeful in selecting participants and settings. They select
purposive samples believed to be sufficient to provide maximum insight and
understanding of what they are studying. They use their experience and
knowledge to select a sample of participants that they believe can provide the
relevant information about the topic or setting.
e.
Researcher as the primary
instrument (observations, interviews, document analysis).
The
researcher actively participates and becomes an insider in the event being
observed so that he or she experiences events in the same way as the
participants.
Bibliography
Ary ,
D., Jacobs,L. C., Sorencen, C., & Razavieh, A (2010). Introduction to Research in Education (8th ed.). Canda : Wadsworth
Cengage learning
Sugiono.2012. Metode
Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R & D. Bandung.Alfabeta.
